Essay about Business Analysis of Reynolds American Inc

Abstract Before investing in any business it’s important to conduct a business analysis. This analysis would cover in detail the strengths; weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) of a business. This analysis will assist a fund manager with the decision of whether to invest or not. Reynolds is a very dominant company in the tobacco industry. The have various subsidiaries that keeps them on pace with their competitors. Business Analysis of Reynolds American, Inc. Introduction Before investing in any business it’s important to conduct a business analysis. This analysis would cover in detail the strengths; weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) of a business. This SWOT will allow an individual or a†¦show more content†¦To make this company complete they have the introduction of nicotine replacement therapy products in Sweden under the Niconovum AB label (Reynolds American, Inc., 2012) The weaknesses include history of deaths due tobacco. Many have died over the years due to tobacco use. Many blame the tobacco industry for this because of its addictive product. This is a weakness that will not go away. It will be a continuous problem. Opportunities: RAI has had many opportunities to spin off other companies which have helped it to be a powerful force in the tobacco industry. They have capitalized on the use of being more social ably conscious by adding smokeless tobacco and nicotine replacement therapy products. RAI is working on transforming tobacco by focusing on these areas: commercial integrity, tobacco harm reduction and youth tobacco prevention. (Reynolds American, Inc, 2012) Threats: RAI’s threats include lawsuits, increase in taxation, competition and product regulation. Over the years, there have been many lawsuits file because of deaths due to cigarette smoking. Litigation will continue to be a problem that the company must deal with. The company has to deal with the unknown of increased tobacco regulations by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. This is a continued processed that a threat to any tobacco company due to the history of this industry.Show MoreRelatedCrown, Cork and Seal Case 1989985 Words   |  4 PagesCrown, Cork and Seal Case 1989 Five Forces Analysis Using Porter’s 5 Forces Analysis argue that given likely evolution and status of the metal industry in 1989, it is profitable to acquire all or part of Continental Can: Internal Rivalry Strong force 5 major competitors holding 61% (American National Can, Continental can, Reynolds Metal, Crown Cork and Seal, Ball Corporation) Heavily compete on basis of price Companies offering volume discounts Industry operating margins falling – fellRead MoreCrown Cork Seal1490 Words   |  6 PagesFIRM: Crown Cork amp; Seal University of Arizona: Eller College of Management Economics 571: Dynamics of Strategy 10/31/12 1. Perform an industry analysis for the industry. 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Multiculturalism Is Closely Associated With Identity Politics

For multiculturalism we understand that is the ideology or social organization model that affirms the possibility of living harmoniously in society between those groups or ethnic communities that are cultural, religious or linguistically different. Welcomes the cultural diversity and its starting point that no group has to lose their culture and own identity. The dominant culture has a consciousness of superiority over the dominated culture, showing attitudes of rejection, discrimination, and derogatory. Terms for what culture dominated in some cases sample submission or resignation as well as other are developing aggressive defensive behavior. The dominant culture believed to possess a privileged situation, accompanied by attitudes of superiority, legitimacy, and self- esteem. Waking up in the culture dominated ideas and feelings of marginalization, powerlessness, and self-contempt. In the article â€Å"Multiculturalism: Multiculturalism is closely associated with â€Å"identity politics,† â€Å"the politics of difference,† and â€Å"the politics of recognition,†. All of which share a commitment to revaluing disrespected identities and changing dominate patterns of representation and communication that ma rginalize certain groups (Young 1990, Taylor 1992, Gutmann 2003). Multiculturalism is also a matter of economic interests and political power; it demands remedies to economic and political disadvantages that people suffer as a result of their minority status. (Song, Sarah 2014) It can beShow MoreRelatedThe Movement And Class Lines1131 Words   |  5 Pagespre-dates the rise of Evo Morales, he uses this section to explain the beginnings of the Pro-Santa Cruz Committee, rather than highlight the production of lowland identity. 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Numeric Investors Free Essays

Diversey, founded in 1923, in Chicago, currently sales in 160 countries. It started its operations in India during the year 1998 as one of the major providers of cleaning, sanitation and hygiene products and solutions to institutional customers across the industries in India market. It established itself as pioneer in providing the cleaning, sanitation and hygiene needs of the large government and private institutional clients from different industries in India. We will write a custom essay sample on Numeric Investors or any similar topic only for you Order Now The clientele spread across various industry segments like hotels, airports, metro, railways, hospitals, shopping malls, offices of the MNCs companies etc. Challenges in Indian Industry:- The cleaning industry in India is majorly unorganized sector accounting for almost 70% of the market. The perception of cleaning as a daily chore rather than a science followed by the lack of awareness on the criticality and sustainable benefits of hygiene and cleaning resulted in lot of resistance and reluctance on the part of the institutional customers, in accepting the need to shift from labor-oriented cleaning process to technology-oriented cleaning products and services. Diversey wanted to change this mind-set in India market. It gained more than 30% of the market share in the organized cleaning market segment by 2012. It was the only company in India, which was in the business of providing end-to-end cleaning product and services solutions to the customers and it had a nearest global competitor in Ecolab, who also entered the India market directly in 2008. In the cleaning equipment segment, Diversey competed with 4-5 key namely Roots Multiclean, Eureka Forbes, Diversey, Dulevo and Karcher. However, unlike Diversey, most of these equipment players focused only on offering the cleaning equipment products. Point of differentiation – A total solution provider, which combined the cleaning, sanitation and hygiene product offering with consulting services to improve operational efficiency for its customers. – Offering cleaning products, which did not involve any banned chemicals or harmful substances. -Offering the best quality product to its customers and provided supplementary education and awareness on need based usage of the same Segmentation 1. According to type of industry:- building service contractors, hospitality healthcare, retail food service and food beverage 2. According to size of customer:- it divided its customer according to the size within any industry as a. International large accounts as customer having presence in multiple countries b. Large domestic local accounts as five star hotels, large corporate hospitals, large Indian corporates c. Mid-size units as hotels, hospitals and offices; and d. Smaller units as roadside eateries, offices, shops Goal A sales turnover of INR 10,000 million by 2015. Problem Identification There are primarily five main issues that have been identified. 1. How to benchmark the products and services against the local competition, especially against the low-cost and low-quality local players, who were offering low-quality but cheaper products for cleaning purpose. 2. How to change the social mindset of majority of the Indian customers, who believed that cleaning and hygiene was a day-to-day chore, which did not require anything else other than any simple cleaning agent. 3. How to convey the importance of applying the right type and composition of chemical solution for each of the specific need, i. e. he one-size-fits-all mindset of the Indian customers. 4. How to create a distribution channel, which could change the existing relationship and convert ‘Dhobis’ to Diversey. 5. How to manage the inventory of slow moving but time critical spare parts for the cleaning equipments Strategic options To capture market share in organized sector 1. Communicate the eventual low cost of use of Diversey products in the long run to by linking it to the costs reduced due to reduced maintenance costs. 2. Focus on attracting the attention of customers of hospitality, edical-care, airlines etc on the health aspect through advertisements and print ads in magazines served in hotels, airlines etc. which is achieved far better by using diversey products. This in turn would lead to increased demand of diversey products as the customers would be more health-conscious and force the above industries to cater to their demand which would be fulfilled by diversey’s products. 3. Press on the fact that diversey gives personalized end to end serv ice and after sales service according to the needs of the clients. Communicate that diversey uses world class products which are highly safe and effective. Hence it increases the life of the surface on which the product is used and does not affect the health of the applicant. To capture market in unorganized sector 1. It’s important to change the mindset of people to shift from water-based cleaning to chemical-based cleaning which could be achieved by giving free demonstrations at their homes by hiring trained cleaning gangs. 2. Increase brand awareness through advertisements which focus on the health and germ protection advantage by the use of diversey products over the use of cleaning by water. And specially focus on children protection from germs which would drive families spending into diversey products. 3. Create awareness through social media through videos and blogs highlighting the superiority of diversey products over pochas and involve young minds into it who will be the future prospective buyers. 4. Portray diversey products as safe which can be used by all members of the family, reduces time to clean and gives effective results. . Use RD to come up with a multi-purpose product which could satisfy one-fits-all mindset of the people. Diversification 1. Provide cleaning service to clients by hiring cleaning gangs or recruiting and training people as training gangs on daily or weekly or monthly basis as per client’s requirements. 2. Enter into business of cleaning houses by launching in tier 1 and tier 2 cities where people could use diversey products to clean their clothes which could bring in customers by eliminating dhobis and in turn promote diversey products. 3. Foray nto the business of providing waste handling and storage equipments as this business would supplement their core business. Inventory reduction 1. Standardization of products and use of common parts to make different products would reduce inventories 2. Identification of parts of products and not stocking those which could be manufactured quickly after the demand of the product. 3. Tracking of demand of each product from each region over time should be done which would give a fairly rough estimate of the inventories to be kept for that product. How to cite Numeric Investors, Papers

Sustainability Environmental Development

Question: Discuss about the Sustainabilityfor Environmental Development. Answer: Introduction: System represents a set of parts correlated with each other for working towards common aims and objectives. System thinking emphasizes on individual parts and interrelationship among those parts to provide solution to any problem (Nguyen and Bosch 2013). The essay will also discuss the applicability of system thinking in dealing with women participation in senior executive roles in Australia. Increasing participation of women in senior executive position is a current phenomenon that has affected the business process in entire Asia and Europe. Senior executives of any business play significant role in ensuring effective fulfilment of business aims and objectives. Business Council of Australia has aimed to achieve sustainable growth in the number of women working in the senior executive positions in Australia. It targets to fill 50% of the senior executive position by women within 2023.As there is no definite solution to the problems associated with the increasing participation of wome n in senior executive position, it is considered as the wicked problem. The essay will look to critically discuss the argument whether system thinking can provide developing solutions to the sustainability challenges. It will also look highlight the differences between system thinking approach and traditional thinking approach to discuss the sustainability changes in an appropriate manner. Discussion: In the present business context, organizations are looking to include diversified and unique strategies for achieving sustainable growth in the market. It has influenced cultural evaluation within the workplace (Pappas 2012). As a result, it has increased the acceptance of women in the senior executive positions. On the other hand, inclusion women in the senior position have also allowed the organizations to utilize diverse ideas for accomplishing all the business strategies. It has also helped all the employees regardless of gender to consider themselves as an important part of the organization. However, utilization of women for the senior executive position can create different types of initial challenges towards the roles and responsibilities of the organization. Lozano et al. (2013) have mentioned that system thinking approach is extremely useful in evaluating a particular problem from macroscopic aspect. As a result, it does not induce organizations to deviate from its ultimate sustainable growth aspect due to short-term obligations. In the globalization era, complexities of the businesses have increased in a significant manner. Introduction of system thinking approach can allow organizations to deal with all these complexities in an appropriate manner. System thinking can also help to understand the kind of impact small changes in one particular element can create on major elements. For that reason, it can provide specific way for the organizations in achieving sustainability in the market. As per the article by Nguyen et al. (2012) organizations need to focus on evaluating three pillar model of sustainability so that it can handle all the future challenges in an appropriate manner. Three pillar model of sustainability has highlighted three factors including society, environment and economy that can have major impact on the business perspectives. In case of fulfilment of society, organizations look to focus on developing effective organizational culture for healthy work environment. It has been assessed that managing diversity within the workplace can have major impact on the business sustainability perspective. In fact, present competitive business environment has induced organizations to look for the best available talents regardless of caste, gender, religion or other factors. Inclusion of female employee within the organization can actually provide new dimension the way businesses conducted within the domestic structure. It also induces organizations to judge perfor mances of all the employees in an effective manner (Turcu 2013). As a result, it has provided female employees the opportunities to grow up in their professional career. Moreover, many studies have mentioned that inclusion of female with the board of directors can help organizations to deal with various types of challenges in an effective manner. For that reason, all the prime organizations like Nestle, Wal-Mart, Tesco and other organizations always have focused on providing equal opportunities to all the female employees to hold the senior positions of the organization. Conversely, traditional thinking approach has primarily focused on evaluating the initial challenges that inclusion of women in the senior executive position would create on the business processes (Wiek and Iwaniec 2014). It would not look analyze all the associated factors with the sustainability changes aspect. Therefore, it would not allow organizations to understand the significance of including women in the sen ior level position. Therefore, it would instigate organizations to handle future challenges in a continues manner. On the other hand, environmental pillar of sustainability focuses on the effective utilization of strategies that can have major impact on the business development perspective. In the present business context, organizations look to utilize different types of innovative approach strategies for enhancing the revenue level in a major way (Tbara and Chabay 2013). Now, inclusion of female within the board or senior executive position will allow the organizations to deal with the challenges of maintaining diversity in an effective way. Moreover, it has been assessed that business are becoming more open in including female workforce for fulfilling all the needs and wants of the operational process. In present time, 60% of the Commonwealth Public Service employees are women. On the other hand, 62% of the law graduates are women that contribute majorly to the overall business procedures (Markard, Raven and Truffer 2012). Thus, it describes the fact that female employees are also contributes i n a huge manner to the overall economic condition of the organization. Still, many organizations have faced challenges in providing opportunity to the female workforce in different senior positions. Specifically, it has hampered the overall effectiveness of the operational process in short-run. Thus, it eventually affected the overall business level of the organization. However, traditional thinking approach will induce organizations to provide more importance to the male employee for the senior positions for avoiding any challenges in the business process. Traditional thinking approach will encourage organizations to continue focusing on identifying best suited male employees for the senior executive positions to achieve continues growth in the market. However, it will not take into account the increasing knowledge, skills and capabilities of the female employees working in different organizations (Loorbach and Wijsman 2013). For that reason, if organizations not provide any career enhancement perspective to the female employees, it will fail to encourage them to give their best at the workplace. In fact, it will induce all the female employees to look for better alternative options that can create major impact on maintaining the operational effectiveness. Many people perceive women do not have the necessary skills to move organization forward. Specifically, they perceived that leadership requires specific skills and attributes for encouraging all the team members to put in their best effort for the fulfilment of organizational goals and objectives that majority of the women does not possess. However, statistics highlight complete different outcome for including women in the senior executive position. For that reason, it has become inevitable for all the businesses to position women in the leading positions of the organizations. In fact, it has been regarded as the best way to move forward in handling all the future challenges. Three pillar model has also highlighted the significance of maintaining environmental condition in achieving success in the market (Wiek et al. 2012). For that reason, organizations are looking to focus towards different alternative resources for fulfilling the requirements of the operational process. Still, it is regarded as one of the wicked problem for the organization in achieving success for the long period of time. Midgley and Ochoa-Arias (2012) have highlighted iceberg model that can also have major impact on the sustainability challenges aspect. The iceberg model has highlighted different factors including social roles, self-image, traits and motives that can allow organizations to move towards handling sustainable changes in an effective manner. Firstly, social role of this model focuses on the perspective of the society towards the sustainability changes. It has been assessed that people from different community perceives differently towards a certain sustainability changes (Gond et al. 2012). For instance, at the earlier stage of previous century, women are not allowed to work outside of house. However, with the increasing acceptance of women at the working place, the work culture of the organizations has evolved significantly. It has provided enough opportunity to the female employee working in different organizations to acquire senior executive positions (Hinrichs 2014). Now, traditional thinking would not able to understand the exact impact it would made on the operational process, as it would only consider micro factors in short-run. However, systems thinking would allow the organizations to understand the exact social factors that can create challenges in fulfilling all the business processes. Therefore, it would help organizations to focus on developing precautionary actions in handling complex situations effectively. As a result, it would create lesser difficulties for the organizations in moving towards sustainable changes perspective. Self-image is another key attribute of the iceberg model that can have major impact on the sustainability challenges aspect. It has been assessed that self-image induces people to develop positive or negative attitude towards sustainability changes of the organizations. Now, inclusion of women in the senior executive position is likely to create mix impact on the entire workforce of the organizations initially (Fiksel 2012). For that reason, it is essential that organizations develop specific counter strategies to create long-term positive impact on the business. On the other hand, traits of iceberg model focuses on cognitive, enduring physical and other characteristics driven factor that determines the overall behavioural pattern of workplace. In present situation, several organizations have achieved immense success through the utilization of women in the senior executive position. Therefore, it has created powerful influences in developing healthy work environment in a major way. Now, system thinking provides the opportunity for the organization to identify all the prime factors that can be affected by the inclusion of women employee in senior executive position. As a result, it would help to assess the interrelation among all the factors that can eventually hamper the growth rate of the organization. For instance, if women employees are not provided with enough career development opportunities in the organizational structure, they would not likely to provide the best effort at the workplace. As a result, it will eventually increase the cost and time required for the organizations in fulfilling all the activities associated with the operational procedure (Sterman 2012). Now, increasing cost and time of the operational process will create direct affect the overall revenue of the organization in a major way. On the other hand, systematic thinking approach would also help to identify the factors that will create positive impact on the business process. For insta nce, inclusion of women in the senior executive position would allow organization to maintain healthy work environment. Therefore, it would induce all the employees to give their best for the fulfilment of business aims and objectives. It would also help organizations to establish strong brand image in the global market. Therefore, it would help organizations to achieve sustainable growth in the market (Frantzeskaki, Loorbach and Meadowcroft 2012). For that reason, it can be mentioned that it is important to involve system thinking approach in the utilization of women in the senior executive position. The inclusion of system thinking would enable organizations to understand the complex sustainability challenges in an appropriate manner. Conclusion: On the basis of above discussion it can be mentioned that effective utilization of system thinking is necessary in dealing with various type of sustainability challenges. Utilization of traditional method might provide a temporary solution to the challenges but in order to create maximum positive impact on the long-run business aspect organizations would have to utilize system thinking approach. For that reason, top management of all the organizations need to provide more time on applying system thinking approach in dealing with the sustainability challenges like inclusion of women in the senior executive position. It would allow organizations to remain one step ahead of all its competitors in handling various type of future challenges associated with the business process. References: Fiksel, J., 2012. A systems view of sustainability: The triple value model.Environmental Development,2, pp.138-141. Frantzeskaki, N., Loorbach, D. and Meadowcroft, J., 2012. Governing societal transitions to sustainability.International Journal of Sustainable Development,15(1-2), pp.19-36. Gond, J.P., Grubnic, S., Herzig, C. and Moon, J., 2012. Configuring management control systems: Theorizing the integration of strategy and sustainability.Management Accounting Research,23(3), pp.205-223. Hinrichs, C.C., 2014. Transitions to sustainability: a change in thinking about food systems change?.Agriculture and human values,31(1), pp.143-155. Loorbach, D. and Wijsman, K., 2013. Business transition management: exploring a new role for business in sustainability transitions.Journal of cleaner production,45, pp.20-28. Lozano, R., Lukman, R., Lozano, F.J., Huisingh, D. and Lambrechts, W., 2013. Declarations for sustainability in higher education: becoming better leaders, through addressing the university system.Journal of Cleaner Production,48, pp.10-19. Markard, J., Raven, R. and Truffer, B., 2012. Sustainability transitions: An emerging field of research and its prospects.Research Policy,41(6), pp.955-967. Midgley, G. and Ochoa-Arias, A. eds., 2012.Community operational research: OR and systems thinking for community development. Springer Science Business Media. Nguyen, N.C. and Bosch, O.J., 2013. A systems thinking approach to identify leverage points for sustainability: a case study in the Cat Ba Biosphere Reserve, Vietnam.Systems Research and Behavioral Science,30(2), pp.104-115. Nguyen, N.C., Graham, D., Ross, H., Maani, K. and Bosch, O., 2012. Educating systems thinking for sustainability: Experience with a developing country.Systems Research and Behavioral Science,29(1), pp.14-29. Pappas, E., 2012. A new systems approach to sustainability: University responsibility for teaching sustainability in contexts.Journal of Sustainability Education,3(1), pp.3-18. Sterman, J.D., 2012. Sustaining sustainability: creating a systems science in a fragmented academy and polarized world. InSustainability science(pp. 21-58). Springer New York. Tbara, J.D. and Chabay, I., 2013. Coupling human information and knowledge systems with socialecological systems change: Reframing research, education, and policy for sustainability.Environmental Science Policy,28, pp.71-81. Turcu, C., 2013. Re-thinking sustainability indicators: local perspectives of urban sustainability.Journal of Environmental Planning and Management,56(5), pp.695-719. Wiek, A. and Iwaniec, D., 2014. Quality criteria for visions and visioning in sustainability science.Sustainability Science,9(4), pp.497-512. Wiek, A., Ness, B., Schweizer-Ries, P., Brand, F.S. and Farioli, F., 2012. From complex systems analysis to transformational change: a comparative appraisal of sustainability science projects.Sustainability Science,7(1), pp.5-24.

Machiavelli rhetorical analysis Essay Essay Example

Machiavelli rhetorical analysis Essay Paper Machiavelli was seeking to derive the favour of a local leader by giving him advice. Through the usage of repeat. historical mention. and persuasive apothegms Machiavelli efficaciously conveyed the of import accomplishments required to be a prince. Machiavelli repeated himself legion times throughout the piece. The intent of this was to relay the importance of the advice given. To exemplify this point. Machiavelli says that if a prince wants his people to esteem him. he must â€Å"keep his custodies off the belongings and the adult females of his citizens and his topics. † . in paragraph 15. In paragraph 25. he reiterates the same construct of non being predatory. He says. â€Å"As I have said. what makes him hatreds above all else is being predatory and a supplanter of the belongings and the adult females of his topics ; † . Another illustration. is to non worry about what the multitudes call you. Machiavelli says this multiple times with different adjectives attached. Machiavelli informs the reader that a prince must non worry about being called things such as a miser. cruel or cheap every bit long as it is for the good of the province. We will write a custom essay sample on Machiavelli rhetorical analysis Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Machiavelli rhetorical analysis Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Machiavelli rhetorical analysis Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer By reiterating the construct. Machiavelli shows that if a prince is making what is right as he should. there is no demand to fuss upon names one is called. Machiavelli is really successsful in making his point through repeat. it drilled the thoughts into the heads of the readers. To give his advice construction. Machiavelli used an copiousness of historical mentions. One leader he refers to is Francesco Sforza. Duke of Milan. Sforza fought and won power as a Duke. he passed that power on to his boies. His boies avoided war and lost power. This a great narrative to carry the reader to believe that the advice Machiavelli is giving should be taken. His message is that if a prince is non willing to contend. as Sforza’s boies were non. they excessively may lose power. Machiavelli stresses the point that it is better to be feared than loved. A perfect comparing of the two sides is Hannibal and Scipio. Machiavelli refers to these two leaders because in times of war a prince must non worry about being called cruel. Hannibal was inhumanely barbarous to his soldiers. but it worked. Dissention neer arose because Hannibal was respected and feared. On the contrary. Scipio was overly compassionate. This merely led to Spain arising against him. for they had no military subject. Machiavelli’s usage of historical mentions greatly adds to the receiving and apprehension of the message portrayed in this piece by the readers. Machiavelli uses apothegms to carry the reader into believing that what he is stating is the truth. In support to that statement. Machiavelli says since love and fright can barely be together. if we must take between them. it is far safer to be feared than loved. He goes on to back up his advice by saying that in times of war. your â€Å"friends† will turn away. The manner Machiavelli phrases this sentence followed by his support. leads the reader to believe there is no possible manner he could be lying. Besides. Machiavelli advices that a prince should larn how to populate by concealed fraudulence. for past princes have been successful from cognizing how to pull strings the heads of work forces by being malicious. At the terminal of paragraph 19. he says â€Å"†¦ and in the terminal they have surpassed those who laid their foundations upon candidly. † By using that honestness will go forth you in the dust compared to princes who deceit his topics by looking to maintain his word. Machiavelli accomplishes doing the reader believe his advice is true. Machiavelli conveyed the of import accomplishments of being a leader in The Prince through advice successfully by the usage of repeat. historical mentions. and persuasive apothegms to efficaciously convey his message.

Using Technology to Clone

Using Technology to Clone Cloning can be a very sensitive subject. It seems that it's a battle between science and ethics. Does the ladder outweigh the former or vice versa? Maybe a few definitions will shed some light on the subject. Cloning is to create a genetic duplicate of an individual organism through asexual reproduction, as by stimulating a single cell? (Webster's 211). "Parthenogenesis is reproduction of organisms without conjunction of gametes of opposite sexes." (Webster's 800). Cloning has its medical uses, but do the ethical implications outweigh the advantages? The goal of genetic engineering is that every child be born strong, healthy, and well suited to make its way to the world. If genetic engineering would be used in this way the world would probably be a place of less disease. Sure it may be unethical to do some tests on humans, but without them medical progress would come to a halt. Cloning might also directly offer a way of curing diseases or a technique that could extend means to acquir ing new data for the sciences of embryology and how organisms develop as a whole over time.Twin SistersScience has been trying for years to come up with cures for genetic diseases and so far haven't really come up with anything that is truly helpful. On the other hand, with the technology of genetic engineering scientists may finally be able to start to understand the causes of diseases and to develop possible treatments and even prevention. For instance, the most studied disease is Cystic Fibrosis. Although, we have not found a cure yet, science might be getting close to coming up with a way of preventing Cystic Fibrosis. Science has made some major discoveries in the past forty years. In the 1960's two French scientists by the names of Jacques Monod and Francois Jacob...

The Existence of Plate Tectonics on Mars Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Existence of Plate Tectonics on Mars - Essay Example However, observations of the planet's current state shows Mars at much higher level of deterioration that that of Earth. NASA's latest Mars project, Phoenix, made a successful landing on Mars and spent five months collecting data that has yet to be fully analyzed on the planet's climate, soil, and atmosphere. This mission yielded further proof that there was a type of water on or near the surface of Mars. Soil samples collected prove that there could have once been sustainable life on the planet (Cowing). There have also been findings in recent years suggesting that Mars once had a molten inner core, much like our own. The presence of stripes along the crust layer of Mars, believed to be formed from the crust renewing itself through use of the molten core, lends further proof to the idea that there were once tectonic plates resembling those of Earth (Cain). "The theory of plate tectonics is based on the movement of rigid plates on the planet's surface. Plates are bounded a ridge wher e new crust is created, a trench or subduction zone, where the crust is consumed, and transform faults, along which plates slip" (Connerney, et al. 2005, p. 4). The question as to the existence of tectonic plates on Mars remains a very highly debated issues among scientists. In its current state, Mars is essentially a dead planet, meaning there is no life present and little to no activity on behalf of the planet itself. The lakes and riverbeds have dried up and what is left of the atmosphere is being blown away in chunks by massive wind shears (Cain). Though it is believed that Mars could have once supported life, that seems virtually impossible now. New theories are supported by scientific evidence which suggest that the layers of Mars once greatly resembled the layers of Earth, including a molten core, tectonic plates, and a changing crust layer. It is believed that the molten core of the planet slowly cooled, leaving the stripes currently observable in the hardened crust. Proof of the tectonic plates was recorded by NASA's Mars Global Surveyor in a 1999 (NASA Press Release). While the initial findings only showed the striping of Mar's magnetic field in the southern hemisphere, new data shows that the magnetic field covers the entire surface of the pl anet in a pattern similar to that of Earth (NASA Status Report).(NASA/JPL) Along the striped lines of the magnetic field there are also fault formations and other geographic signs that point toward the existence of a tectonic plate system similar to that of our own planet. As an example of this, the Tharsis volcanoes on Mars are actually aligned in a straight line and it is now believed that, like the Hawaiian Islands, these volcanoes formed over a hot spot in the mantle (Cain). Fault formations, similar to the Martian ones, can only be formed by tectonic plates shifting, pushing new molten crust up from the planet's mantle and changing magnetic polarity of the area as it hardens (Cain). Unfortunately an exhaustive analysis of the geology of Mars has yet to be conducted. Therefore many of the currently accepted theories of the inner workings of the planet are based on what has been observed and studied on Mars combined with what is known about its sister planet, Earth. Whatever plate tectonics previously existed on

Social Welfare Policy in the US Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Social Welfare Policy in the US - Assignment Example There was also an indication of the growth of private employment in a period of 54 months after the enactment of the Recovery Act by Obama and the Congress in February 2008. The second part looked into the effect of the recession on the economy, and it was notable that the GDP was far below what the economy was potentially able to produce. Job losses were never known before. With the recession ending in June 2009, the unemployment rate in August was still at 6.1% confirming high rates of unemployment. The distribution of jobs in the population fell to levels that had not been witnessed since the 1980s. The recession also caused a long-term unemployment rate rise to levels never witnessed in six decades with levels of 1.9% in August 2009. The labor market was considerably affected by the unemployment rate reaching 12.0 percent in August 2014. Job seekers exceeded job opportunities at times with seven people seeking employment for a single job opening. The last part considers evaluating the extent of damage of the recession if the financial stabilization and the fiscal policies adopted were not used. It has been recorded that the GDP would have decreased with the absence of the recovery act and at the same time, the rate of unemployment would have increased considerably an estimation of 0.1 to 0.4% higher in 2010 if the recovery plan was not adopted. The Strength of this policy is that it offers the employed with financial protection thereby making sure that they are not financially exploited. The policy helps maintain financial levels that can effectively better the lives of citizens through better incomes. The policy sets a minimum amount wage for other state governments and thereby universally protecting the citizens from poor pays. The Weaknesses of this policy is that employees may be compelled to raise their prices to customers in order to cover the high wages  making the policy less effective.  

Bonds Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Bonds - Essay Example On yield, even though TGT bonds have a lower yield rate that would result in higher price volatility, the difference of 1% is not significant enough to overshadow the other factors. WTM bonds therefore have higher price volatility. The duration based estimate of return is different from the actual return calculated based on expected price changes because of the following reasons. First, the duration-based approach views the entire duration of the bond from a given point in time. Given that the bonds earn interest at different rates, the durations for the bonds are also different and are less than their terms respectively. Also, when durations are considered, bond prices are affected hence resulting in different interest rates of return. Changes in prices, which are imminent in this case, are also not taken into consideration in the former case contributing to the difference. I think the interest rate for WMT bonds are going to fall over the next year. This is because of lower interest rates and longer duration that would result into lesser demand for the bonds hence a reduction in prices. However, I expect the TGT bond prices to rise because of higher interest rates and shorter durations. I would therefore recommend the WMT bonds since over the next year their prices will rise and you can sell them for a greater price than you will buy them and at the same time get higher interest over the

The factors that influence dividend policy

The factors that influence dividend policy According to Maury and Pajuste (2002) this kind of factor is important that may affect companys dividend policy. Each company big or small has different structure of owners who have different preference of dividends. The relationship between managers and stockholders in family companies is monitored by agency theory. As there is no separation between ownership and control, the agency problems will be reduced in family companies according the paper of Yoshikawa and Rasheed (2010). But, in big companies which have a huge government ownership will affect by agency problem. This may happen in corporations because of a double principal-agent problem as Gugler (2003) pointed out. For these companies there a solution to mitigate the agency problems which is by paying dividends. There is a huge separation between ownership and management in new companies. This may make inconsistent relation between managers and the owners of the company. Jensen and Meckling (1976) pointed out this problem in their research paper. If the managers have the decision in their hand, they will make it for their interest rather than of the company. This issue was discussed by La Porta et al. (2000). They argue that managers who have the authority on the company may advantage themselves in the form of stealing, increasing the salaries for themselves or selling the assets of the firm. In Oman, there is no big difference in the ownership structure of listed firms. Although the government in Oman is not an active investor in the Muscat Securities Market, it holds a large amount of shares in Oman Telecommunication Company which is about 70% of the shares. In the other hand, Omani government holds a little amount of shares in some large listed companies. There are a number of papers examined the relationship between ownership structure and dividend policy such as Desmetz, (1983); Desmetz and Lehn, (1985); Shleifer and Vishny, (1986); Morck et al., (1988); Schooley and Barney,(1994). They found that the ownership structure in large firms could affect dividend policy. In a recent study in emerging markets, Jayesh Kumar (2003) found that ownership structure does not influence dividend pay out policy uniformally. Ramli in his study of Malaysia suggests that controlling shareholders does influence the dividend policy of Malaysian listed companies. He also found that large shareholders have effects on Malaysian dividend policy. Mondher Kouki (2009) examined the Tunisian firms and found that the ownership structure is affected by institutional investors. They suggest that ownership structure approach is highly relevant to an understanding of corporate dividends policy in Tunisia. Al-Yahyaee (2008) in his study of dividend policy of Omani firms found that government which controls the company tends to have large payout ratios. In addition, Al-Kuwari (2009) pointed out that companies which the government owed a proportion of shares pay dividend more than companies owned by private sector. . Al-Yahyaee results also shows that there is a positive association between dividend yield and government ownership. This finding is in consistent with the results suggested by Gugler (2003). According to Al-Yahyaee (2008), Government ownership has a strong influence on the dividend policy of the non financial firms. Company Size: Firm Size is considered as one of the variables that have the ability to affect the dividend policy of the company. Lloyd et al. (1985) in their study to examine the influence of the firm size on the dividend policy add firm size as an important variable of dividend behaviour. Aivazian, and Booth (2003) found in their study about dividend policy in both US companies and emerging markets companies that there is evidence that firm size influence dividends. There are two types of companies, large and small. Many researchers such as Jensen et al. (1992), Fama and French (2000) on their study about dividend policy found that big firms pay high dividend to their shareholder than small firms. This occurs because of the fact that small firms have high chance of bankruptcy than large firms. Moreover, the research paper of Lloyd, Jahera, and Page (1985) argued that the variable firm size can be used to illustrate the dividend pay ratio of the company. Their findings discussed that big companie s are more mature than small firms. This feature makes them enter the capital market easily and let to pay higher dividends. According to Marsh, (1982); Baskin, (1989), Chang and Rhee, (1990); Bennets and Donnelly, (1993); Charitou and Vafeas, (1998), big companies have better evaluation debt. The size of the company has a positive correlation with dividend payment. This positive relationship is studied by a lot of financial economists for example, Lloyd and Jahera (1985), Rhee (1990), Smith and Watts (1992), Gaver and Gaver (1993), Vogt (1994), Redding (1997), Adedeji (1998), Bradley, Capozza, and Seguin (1998), Holder et al. (1998), Fama and French (2001). Ho, H. (2003) study the dividend policy of Japan firms and Australia firms. Their result show that the firms size have a positive sign with dividend policy in Australia and liquidity has a positive sign with dividend policy in Japan. Recently, there are some papers in emerging markets investigate the factors affecting dividend policy. For instance, Al-Kuwari study the determinant of dividend policy in GCC, and his result reveal that companies pay more dividends when firma size is high. On the other hand, Naceur, Goaied, and Belanes (2006) in their study of study the dividend policy of 48 firms listed on the Tunisian Stock Exchange found that the firm size has a negative sign with dividend policy, Business risk: Business risk is a risk that affects the company when it has no enough cash flow to cover its obligations such as operating expenses. It is considered as one of the determinant of companies dividend policy and can play an important role to influence dividend payment. According to the results of Pruitt and Gitman (1991) risk is one of the factors that determine the dividend policy of the company. Furthermore, there is evidence of that risk can impact the dividend policy of the firms. This is provided by the study of Lintner (1956), Brav et al. (2005). When the business risk is high, the relationship between current and expected future profit will be uncertain. As a result, firms will avoid the obligation to pay high dividend. There are many studies reveal that companies which have high risk will pay low dividends to their shareholders because of the volatility of earnings. Some of these studies are conducted by Rozeff (1982), Lloyd et. al. (1985), 1993; Mohd et al., 1995, and Colins et. al. (1996). They apply in their study beta value of the firm as a proxy of the company business risk. This beta is expected to be negative with dividend payment. DSouza (1999) argues that there is a negative relationship between beta and dividend policy. In recent studies, Ling, Mutalip, Shahrin, and Othman (2007) test the dividend policy of Malaysian companies and they found that business risk has negative relationship with dividend yield and dividend payout ratio. Their result also show that firm risk influence the dividend policy of the firms. Al-Kuwari in his study of non financial firms of GCC argues that business risk is insignificant variable. In the case of Oman, Al-Yahyaee (2008) gave the same results as the above discussions and his result reveal that there is negative relationship between dividend payout and business risk. Profitability: This kind of variables that can affect dividend policy of the firm is considered as a primary factor of dividend payment because when firms have high profits, they tend to pay high dividend to their shareholder. Many financial economists such as Lintner (1956),Jensen et al (1992); Han et al (1999), Fama and French (2000), Adaoglu (2000), Pandey (2003) suggest that the companys profitability is an important indicator that affect dividend policy of the firm. Some of these papers argue that there is a positive relationship between profitability of the company and the dividend policy. This positive relationship is considered as an important prediction of the signaling theory of dividend policy. The positive sign means firms which have profits will pay dividend. In addition, Fama and French (2001) in his research pointed out that the positive relationship between the firms profitability and dividend payment is consistent with the pecking order theory. There are many studies reveal that in emerging market, the dividend payment is higher than that in developed markets. For example, the results of Glen et al. (1995) reveal that dividend payment is higher in developing countries. Furthermore, Aivazian, booth, and cleary (2003) found that in their study about emerging market and US firms, profitability in emerging markets has higher influence on dividend payout than in US companies. As discussed above similar findings were reported by Al-Kuwari (2007) for GCC firms, Al-Yahyaee (2008) for Omani firms, and Al- Najjar (2009) for Jordanian firms. To test the profitability of the dividend policy of the firm, the (ROE) measure was used. According to the above results, I expect to find a positive sign for the relationship between dividend payment and profitability. Leverage: Financial leverage is one of the main explanatory variables of firms dividend policy. The definition of this variable is that the long term debt to total asset. Firms that are highly leveraged and cannot make a payment on their debt will be faced risk of bankrupt. This fact may explain that firms with high debt may pay low dividend to their shareholders because they need to utilize their cash flow to pay their obligations. . On the other hand, Aivazian et al (2003) said that companies with low debt can pay and maintain their dividends. Financial leverage has a negative relationship with dividend payment. There are many studies appear to support this negative relationship. Rozeff (1982) results revealed that companies with high leverage prefer to pay low amount of dividends. Moreover, Crutchley and Hansen (1989) Jensen et al. (1992), Bradley et al. (1998), Faccio, Lang, and Young (2001) pointed out that financial leverage influence dividend payment in negative way. The recent studies also are in line with these findings. For instance, Kouki, Guizani (2009) in their study of the dividend policy of the Tunisian firms found that firms with high debt prefer to pay a little amount of dividend. the results of Al-Najjar (2009) shows that there is a negative relationship between leverage and dividend policy. Growth opportunities: The growth opportunity of the company is an important indicator that influences the operation of the distribution of dividends. When firms expect to have huge growth opportunities in their business, they will utilize the firms funds to finance the expansion. This may make the firms to pay lower amount of dividend to the shareholders. On the other hand, if companies know that the growth opportunities are low and the projects investment is small, they will distribute high cash dividend. These analyses propose that growth opportunities have a negative relationship with dividend payout. a lot of studies appeared to support this negative relationship such as, Higgins (1972), Rozeff(1982), Lloyd et al.(1985) and Collins et al (1996), Fama and French (2001), Ho, Lam, and Sami (2004), and Aivazian et al. (2006). They argue that firms with high growth opportunities are more likely to pay low dividends. However, LaPorta et al. (2000) show different results. He found that there is a positive relationship between growth opportunities and dividend payment in countries that have high shareholder protection, but negative relationship in countries that have low shareholder protection. Based on the above assumptions I expect to find a negative association between dividends growth opportunities. Sample Description and Data: The sample data of this dissertation includes 5 large non financial companies listed in the Muscat Securities Market. The annual reports of the firms were taken also from the website of the Muscat Securities Market to get information about shareholders. There are 125 listed companies in Muscat Securities Market as at 31 September 2010. The main listed companies in MSM are banking and investment, services and insurance, and industry. The sample in this research come from industry and service sectors such as telecommunications, oil, and manufacturing companies. The data is obtained by Share-Holding Guide of Muscat Securities Market companies. The data are cross sectional and time series which are collected from 2005 to 2009. As discussed in the previous section, the dividend payout ratio is the model of the dependent variable of the dividend policy. the explanatory variables of the suggested dividend policy are ownership structure, firm size, profitability, business risk, leverage, and growth opportunities. The primary idea was to test the dividend policy and the six hypotheses related to dividend policy of the 6 companies listed on Muscat Securities Market. I chose to use non financial firms rather than financial because the information is limited and the data is missed on financial firms. The dividend paying firms are those companies that paid dividend at least one time over the five years period of the study 2005 to 2009. This means that all the five companies I selected are dividend payment firms. Measurement of Variables: This section is based on the previous discussions to test the six hypotheses on dividend payout ratios of Omani firms. The study of the variables is based on average for the 2005 to 2009 periods to examine the influence on companys dividend policy. Moreover, the predicted sign for the variables are positive with dividend policy for ownership structure, profitability, and firms size, but negative for business risk, leverage, and growth opportunities. The estimations of the models are as follows: DIV = f (GOV, SIZE, GROW, LEV, BETA, PROF) Where DIV is the dividend payout ratio which is measured by: Dividends per Share / EPS. The dividend payout ratio show the percentage amount of dividend the company will tend to distribute to their shareholders. This ratio indicates that the earnings of the company support the dividend payout. If the dividend payout is high, the share will be attractive to the shareholders. It differs among firms and the fact that the majority of mature firms have higher dividend payout ratio. The model utilizes the percentage number of shares that owned by corporations investors especially the proportion of the government shares (GOV) in the firm to test the ownership structure to know if it can affect the dividend policy. This is used by many studies for example, Gugler (2003), and some recent studies like Al-Kuwari (2007) in her study about GCC countries. Profitability (PROF) ratio can be measured as return on asset and return on shareholder equity. Return on asset is calculated by net profit over total asset. PROF = net profit/total asset Return on equity (ROE) which I have used in this study is measured by net profit divided by shareholder equity. PROF = net profit/shareholder equity Many existing studies have used return on equity (ROE) as a proxy of profitability more than using return on asset. For example, Aivazian, booth, and cleary (2003), Al-Yahyaee (2008), and Al- Najjar (2009) utilize return on equity in their study about dividend policy. Firm size (SIZE) is measured by the natural log of the total assets. Total revenue is also used as a proxy of firm size for example, Holder et al. (1998) has been used the same proxy for this variable. The proxy of the business risk (BETA) is beta. This has been used by Rozeff (1982), Lloyd et. al. (1985), 1993; Mohd et al., 1995, Colins et. al. (1996), and DSouza (1999). Growth opportunities (GROW) is measured by market to book ratio. Market to book ratio is calculated by dividing book value over market value of the firm. This ratio is used to find identify the value of the firm. Market to book ratio = book value/ market value Leverage (LEV) ratio is defined as total debt over total equity. This ratio is used to test how can debt affect the dividend payment of the firm. LEV = total debt/ total equity The Tobit and random effects models: The liner regression model includes, fixed and random effect tobit model. It has been used by several studies to test dividend policy. It is a statistical technique that tries to determine the link between two or more variables: dependent and explanatory variables. The dependent variable selected is dividend payout ratio. The explanatory or independent variables that used in this research are ownership structure, profitability, firm size, leverage, business risk, and growth opportunities. In this study of Omani firms I have used tobit models to investigate the factors of the dividend paid. In addition, to get the results I utilize the random effect tobit model which is suitable for nonfinancial firms.

Twelfth Night: Summary :: essays research papers

Twelfth Night: Summary Act One scene one   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This scene introduces us to the Duke, who is in love with a girl called Olivia. His servant goes to ask her wether or not she would like to go out with the Duke. The message back from her servant is that Olivia will not be seen in public for seven years because of the death of her brother. Scene Two   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After a shipwreck, Viola finds herself of Illyria, a coastal town. She believes that her brother has been killed in the shipwreck, and that she will never get off this island. After learning about the Duke, she arranges with the captain of the ship to disguise herself and to serve the Duke. He may then fall in love with her. Scene Three   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Sir Toby and Maria are talking to each other about Olivia's decision to morn for seven years. They are also talking about Sir Toby's drinking and friend, Sir Andrew, a foolish knight that has been brought to the castle as a suitor to Olivia. Sir Andrew says he is going to leave, but Sir Toby persuades him not to, as Olivia is not interested in the Duke. Maria leaves, and Andrew and Toby dance. Scene Four   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Viola, already disguised as Cesario (she is referred to as Cesario instead of Viola throughout the play), has already became a servant to the Duke. Her first job is to try and persuade Olivia to go out with the Duke. Viola has fallen in love with the Duke. Scene Five   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Maria and Feste the clown are talking when Olivia enters with Malvolio. She has a conversation with Feste, and he gets the better of her. Maria announces that a young ‘man' (Cesario) is here to see Olivia. She says that if he is from the Duke, she will not see him. Maria returns and says the young man will not take no for an answer, so Olivia meets him with Maria at her side. Cesario is very convincing about the Duke's love, but Olivia is not unstuck. She dismisses Cesario, and when by her self, shows that she is in love with ‘him'. She sends Malvolio with a ring Cesario apparently left behind, and said he should return tomorrow. Act Two Scene One   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sebastian, Violia's identical twin brother comes to shore after the shipwreck, saved by Antonio. He wants to be Sebastian's servant, but he says that he will make it to the Duke's court by himself. Scene Two   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Malvolio runs after Cesario to give him the ring. He denies that he gave it to her, and so Malvolio puts it on the ground in front of him.

The Responsibility of Judicial Reviews

Thought out time judicial review's responsibility had been to ensure there is no conflate to the â€Å"supreme law of the land† (The constitution) and it's democratic values. In Order to make sure that the system does not get influence from the elected officials. Our founding fathers have deliberately put in place judicial review in to the system. But in turn the judicial review itself is not democratic. Because the nine â€Å"independent † black robe elites have bias, and can not be remove. A Supreme Court justice is appointed by the president and must be confirmed by the senate. When the President appoints a court justice he usually appointed someone who is highly educated and have a close ideology as he, because he wants to influence the courts. But soon after they are appointed they loss ties with any political influence. Because they're appointed for life. No matter how bad of job they are doing, they are protected by the constitution. And can only be impeach if they have commended high crimes such as treason and bribery. In our history only five federal court judges have ever been impeached. In order for the courts to judge the case without any favorites, there is no room for any bias. If the court have bias they well not be able to give a good interpretation of the constitution. Insested courts often give inference on the cases. And putting the case in there own perspective. During 1933-1937 the Roosevelt's presidency (D&Z chapter 13 Page 347) the courts still had a philosophy of rugged individualism. The courts thou out the national industrial recovery administration, railroad retirement act, national farm mortgage act, agricultural adjustment act, And denied the federal government the power to regulate manufacturing, petroleum, mining, agriculture, and labor conditions. Only after National labor relations board V. Jones & laughlin Steel Corporation. How can the court say one thing and does another? The court says, â€Å"no person in the country should be denied equal protection of the law†. That give the blacks the right to vote, to attend integrated schools, to receive equal justice in the courts, and give congress the power to protect blacks from discrimination in public accommodations, employment, voting, and housing. But in (D&Z page 348) â€Å"Dennis V, United States the courts permitted the prosecution of communists for merely â€Å"advocating† the overthrow of the government and in communist government party. U. S. A V. Subversive activities control board it upheld the right to require registration of â€Å"subversive† organizations. It permitted congressional committees to interrogate citizens about their political view and upheld loyalty oaths and loyalty-security programs How can people say that courts are always right? And above all they are unbiased? That can not be the truth. As human beings we all have ideas and bias because at a very young age we learned and developed bias from our parents and friends. Some say that you could change the bias and idea if you get an good education you'll be able to have a higher tolerate but education only could change you so much. As beings we could only tolerate so much. When in crises and the issues are against us, we'll thou tolerate out to the window and take some form of action to suppress the opponent. That applies to all the mass, the elites, and even the courts. Then how can judicial reviews be democratic? how did the outcome of the American civil war impact modern America? American had not all way been an industrialize nation or a major player in the international market. In fact prior to the civil war American was this back ward predominate cotton-growing base south with an emerging industrializing north-east and a west that is the land of free farmers. Having a Combination of capitalism and feudalism in the cotton-growing south, where there are the halves (master) and the have-nots (slaves). The slaves do not own anything and are commended to the masters. This system is similar to feudalism, where the lords and servants have a close tied with each other. The southerner justerful it by saying:† it is natural form of human society, beneficial both to the slave and the master. the emerging industrializing northeast had an ideology of a more democratic and capitalistic idea. Last, but not the lease, the west of the free, their ideology are very close to the industrializing northeast. The ending of the war gave the north the power to unite the union as a whole. Because of a rapid growth in the textile industry the north was in need of laborers. The demand for laborers has sprouted emerging of a middle class. This enables the slaves to have the mobility to move up on the social structure. We must give credit to the middle class. Because they were the ones that really wanted to have the up bond mobility. With the help of education they created technologic advancements. That had created a growing industry with importing and exporting of goods. With a rapid growth of the industries the union was in shortage of laborers, and never before had the union depend more on the free slaves. Many of the free slaves have migrated from the south to the northeast and west creating their own communities. In order for the west to move their goods to the northeast and south, a good and suffusion transportation system is needed. In many of the modern nation they all have one thing in common with each other. They have a effusion transportation system, if you're want to be a major player you must have an mean of moving your products in a fast effusion and cheap way. The out come of the civil war is a chain reaction. By having the north wining the war, it brought down the last of the feudal system to its keens. The nation evolves from capitalism and feudalism to liberalism. From the liberalism it is destine that we are going to be come an industrialize nation. Because the north have won and the north is an emerging industrializing north. From an emergent-fueled nation demanded more labors. The once that don't have job now have. The ones that did not have an opportunity to have a wage-earning job now do. It gives the next generation an education. From the demanded labors the economy have sprout an never before seen middle class. Because of the education and the opportunity it go technologic advancement. By have all though things in the new and reform government it give everyone mobility. The impact comes in differn forms shape and sizes.

The Stick-Built House (In Situ)

The Stick-Built House (In Situ) A stick-built home is a wooden framed house constructed on a building site piece by piece (or stick by stick). It describes the process or how a home is built. Manufactured, modular, and prefabricated homes are not classified as stick-built, because they are made mostly in the factory, transported to the site, and then assembled. A custom home and a home made according to stock building plans may both be stick-built, provided that they are constructed board-by-board on the land where they will remain. Stick-built describes the construction method and not the design. Other names for stick-built homes include site built, hard construction, and in situ. What Is In Situ? In situ is Latin for in place or in position. It can be pronounced a number of ways, including  in-SIT-oo, in-SITCH-oo, and most correctly in-SEYE-too. Because commercial architecture is not generally made out of sticks of wood, the Latin in situ is often used to describe a process of building commercial properties or, more often, producing construction materials on site. For example, in situ concrete means cast-in-place concrete. That is, the concrete is molded and cured (i.e., cast) on the construction site, as opposed to pre-cast concrete (e.g., columns or beams made in a factory and transported to the construction site). One of the green methods used for the London 2012 summer Olympic Games was to provide a batching plant onsite, a one-source supplier of low-carbon concrete for all of the builders of Olympic Park. Concrete was mixed and poured in situ. In situ construction methods are thought to be more environmentally friendly. The main reason behind this belief is reducing the harmful effects of transporting beam after beam and pier after pier. Pros and Cons of Stick-Built Homes A common perception is that stick-built homes are better constructed, last longer, and have a better resale value than prefabricated or modular homes. This perception may or may not be true. Comparisons depend on the quality of the manufactured product versus the workmanship of a builder or carpenter. The major advantage for the home builder is in control. The contractor is in command of the materials and how they are assembled. Likewise, home owners also have certain administrative rights as they can oversee the piece-by-piece construction of their investment when its built in situ. Disadvantages: Common perceptions against stick-built homes involve time and money - that is, stick-built homes take more time to build and they cost more than house pieces built off-site and simply assembled onsite. Competitors also claim that continuous construction traffic to and from the building site makes the stick-built process less than a green building environment. These perceptions may or may not be true. Pushback From Prefabricators Stick-building is a traditional method being challenged by the marketers of modular and prefabricated methods. American Custom Builders, an independent modular home builder in Defiance, Ohio, describes why a system of prefabrication is better than stick built for these reasons: Stick built home have no controlled environment like a factory does - building outdoors in humidity and water can damage wood and cause delays. They say: A stick builder cannot control the weather....Our homes are all built indoors under a temperature controlled environment.Frame carpenters can take short-cuts youll never know about. They say: With An All American Home they use jigs to make sure the walls are straight and square.Stick-built homes take three times longer to build than prefabricated homes. They say: When the house is delivered, we will have it up in aprox. 9 hours.Homes built off-site are less expensive. They say: Will match our prices against his, any day! In Situ Architecture In situ architecture is a structure designed for a particular place, a specific environment, and a known site. Stick-built houses may be constructed onsite, but that doesnt mean that the building was designed architecturally for that land. Portland, Oregon architect Jeff Stern seeks to create architecture that is site specific....to capture the experience of a particular place; how the sunlight falls, and the rise and fall of the land....maintain and create strong views, maximize daylight and natural ventilation, and generally create a place better than when we began. The name of his architectural firm is In Situ Architecture. Resources and Further Reading BOCA Built, American Custom Builders, americancustombuilder.com/bocabuilt.htm [accessed September 8, 2015]About In Situ Architecture, insituarchitecture.net/about/ [accessed September 8, 2015]

The 3 Turning Points essays

The 3 Turning Points essays Did the South have a chance to win the Civil War 1861-1865? In his book entitled Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era, author James M. McPherson believes that there were three major turning points that concluded a Union victory. 1. The Northern Victory at the Battle of Antietam/Sharpsburg in 1862. 2. Northern victories at Gettysburg and Vicksburg in July 1863. 3. The re-election of President Lincoln, 1864. Why was the Northern victory at Antietam/ Sharpsburg the first major turning point for the Norths victory of the Civil War? The North had struggled through the early part of the war without even coming close to a battle victory. The battle at Antietam/Sharpsburg wasnt actually a total victory, but it was a tactical draw, which neither side was clearly a winner. Yet, this tactical draw held positive consequences for the Union. The failure of Lees army to clearly win on Northern soil, prevented the CSA from gaining the much needed foreign support. This victory also gave President Lincoln the opportunity to present his Emancipation Proclamation. Lincoln presented his Proclamation in January 1863, to show that the Northern war objectives were to emancipate the slaves and reunify the Union. The Northern victories at Gettysburg and Vicksburg in July of 1863 proved to be another turning point of the war, which again favored the Union. Lees march into Pennsylvania was his second attempt to take parts of Northern soil. Lee was defeated at Gettysburg and turned tail back to Virginia. This was the CSAs last attempt to take Northern lands. After being defeated at Gettysburg and U. S. Grant taking Vicksburg, MS, the south now had a to fight a defensive war. These victories gave the North the much needed hope for winning and it was the beginning of the end for the CSA. With the Election of 1864 approaching the CSA felt that they had one last chance to ...

Ethnic Studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Ethnic Studies - Essay Example xed ancestry, she never hid the fact that she is black and none of this mattered to Bea as she still took Delilah in and treated Delilah and her daughter as family. The two even started a business and became wealthy. Bea functioned as the manager of the business where Delilah’s recipe is used to make the business successful. The two prospered and was able to overcome the racial divide which was prevalent during the time was shown in 1939. There is something however another angle in their relationship that tells how a black person relates to a white person during the 1930s. It has to be remembered that Bea did not discriminate or treated Delilah harshly even if she was black. Bea even treated Delilah as family to the point that they started a business. Despite this relatively equal treatment of Bea towards Delilah, Delilah was always subservient to Bea that Delilah still acts as Bea’s maid even if she is already wealthy from the business that Bea and Delilah started. This reflects the mindset of the black people during those times that they thought to be inferior or just servants to the white people. Of course it could also be interpreted as Delilah’s gratitude towards Bea but nonetheless, the film still reflects Delilah’s mindset of not thinking as Bea’s

See instructions Statistics Project Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

See instructions - Statistics Project Example of interest in analyzing and strategizing on how to minimize the future occurrence of the occupational assaults and the impacts it has on the nursing staff. I was very keen on the previous findings in this study. In this article, the main aim was to add the prevalent data to the established literature and review other relevant articles in this field. The article is outstanding as it explores the issues that are related to the occupational health and the safety for the mental health nurses which is regarded as the occupational violence. In this appraisal study, research was carried out due to the recognition of the international nursing council about the increased violence in nursing. This was also supported by various studies in industries in Australia about the violence in the nursing industry that occurred on a weekly basis. From the report, the problem has become international as it affects all the nurses in the world. Furthermore, the study reveals that that violence in nursing is affected by several factors and other environmental factors. Thus, the study centered on demographics in the prevalence in relation to age, workplace, and gender as far as occupational violence is concerned. The article also centers on the perception of the staff in the management of occupational violence. In the article, ethical considerations were taken seriously as it was approved by the human research ethics committee. The study also involved a descriptive survey as it involved the nurses from both the psychiatric and the community based departments. The study was effective as it developed a questionnaire that was very comprehensive in its analysis. Finally, I would like to congratulate Mc Kinnon and cross for their analytical work in this article. Therefore, it is with gratitude that they may release another edition that focuses on nursing problems. McKinnon, B., Cross, W. (2008). Occupational violence and assault in mental health nursing: A scoping project for a Victorian

Dental Clinic in Montreal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Dental Clinic in Montreal - Essay Example Dental marketing has entered a new phase with the use of internet. Montreal dental companies like Dental Marketing Canada focus on dental marketing online. This is meant for local dentists in the area. These types of techniques are utilized as a cutting edge advertising system that opens business for internet users. These exposures have helped these companies to increase the clientele lists and gain more profit. Dental business is now a huge phenomenon for Montreal and other parts of Canada. Online transactions have enabled better dealings. Growing number of active users of internet in Montreal have accelerated the dental marketing exposure. Internet is used as the leading source for marketing exposures. Dentist visits and treatments increase as more and more people visit dentists for routine check up and other tests. Service providers maintain websites and are available online in different modes. This has helped people to improve their awareness. Online advertisements, bookings and other dealings have brought good revenue for companies. Dental clinics set up websites so that potential patients can call for quotes and enquiries. The online presence has helped Montreal dental businesses to grow rapidly. Montreal Dentists even create social networking websites to enable patient interaction and communication. Parishioners set up websites that educate people about the dental procedures and treatments. These valuable educational tools help patients have a proper overview of the processes. Patient education pages help them access the invisible braces available in Montreal. Dentistry businesses increasingly rely on advanced technologies and internet to improve their business. They swear they provide the best level of dental care through patient education and quality treatment. Service providers in Montreal are highly specialized in services like implants, velscope testing and CEREC. Certain Montreal service providers provide excellent

Time you were shamed Essay Example for Free

Time you were shamed Essay Ive had great embarrassing moments in my life. Most occurred during my childhood days. One of these happened when I was 8. I got my   most humiliating spanking which I will never forget in my entire life.   Studying should be at the top of every students priority. During this age I need to do some homework everyday.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   My parents used to monitor my studies and pay lots of attention to my school work and the grades on my report card. I was a very lazy kid and forgot to do my homework most of the time. My teacher once caught having no homework. She then decided to report it to my parents. We have a school handbook wherein every important school reminder should be written. My teacher wrote a letter to my parents that they were supposed to read and to sign. I really wanted to avoid any punishment from my parents and so I confidently signed the letter by forging their signature. It was a very bad idea since a childs handwriting is far different from an adults . The next day it was time for my teacher to see if my parents were already aware of my misbehavior and told me that she wanted to talk to them after the class. I can never forget the day after that. It was Saturday which meant no class and so I have to face the truth since my parents already knew what I did. Two birds in one stone. First is by not doing homework and next is by copying their handwriting.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As I woke up I went to the bathroom downstairs but my father saw me already and told me that I should be punished. He grabbed my arms and took me to the kitchen. I was about to pee in my pants and to my surprise, dad pulled down my pajamas and slid it together with my underwear to my ankles. I was standing naked and what I didnt notice was that my mom and my teacher on the subject which I failed to do homework were standing right in front of me. They both saw everything and were both staring at my genitals and laughing. It was very embarrassing and I was really ashamed of my lazy deed.

Literature Review of Reflexivity in Qualitative Studies

Literature Review of Reflexivity in Qualitative Studies Every research study needs to be contextualised, understood within the background and context of its place within the theoretical and practice spectrum (Fink, 2005). Nursing research, as with every other aspect of nursing practice, should be ethically sound (Carrick, 2000), and should also be founded within sound methodological principles and developed along the lines of evidence for practice. Within a primary research study such as this, the ability to understand the nature of the practice and evidence base of the study is very important, and there are two pre-existing spheres of theory which can support this. The first of these is the field of evidence-based practice, and the second is reflective practice, both of which contribute to the processes of critical thinking which are involved in research practice as much as they are in clinical practice. The combination of these two practices within this primary research study relates to the need to in-build a clear decision trail and map of the reflexivity involved in a qualitative approach to generating and analysing data. Reflection in nursing practice is an importnat component of ongoing professional development (Driscoll, 1994; Gustafson and Fagerberg, 2004), how it contribues to professional development is what concerns the author here. Processes of structured and purposive reflection on practice, and on learning and knowledge acquistion of development (Coutss-Jarman, 1993), contribute to the development of critical thinking skills which contribute to the processes of applying evidence to practice and assimilating knowledge into the wider schema which relate to nurses ways of knowing (Daly, 1998;Rolfe, 2005). Therefore, the author, being aware of the contribution of good reflection to a reflexive process of clinical learning and application of knowledge (Gibbs, 1988; Hargreaves , 2004), aimed to apply a similar critical and reflexive approach to the process of reviewing and critiquing the literature relevant to this research study. Although there are those who argue that reflection per se is a biased and often self-referential (Jones, 1995), this author would argue that reflexivity is a fundamental component of inductive processes of qualitative research practice, particularly in relation to the interpretation of data (Silverman, 2001). and therefore, set out to review the literature using a critical and reflexive approach, building in principles of reflection and critical thinking (Price, 2000), but applied to the relationship between the nurse as researcher and their burgeoning knowledge and understanding, as it feeds into their tacit and intellectual knowledge. Critical science within nursing is established as a means of developing critical thinking and analysis skills and incorporating multiple ways of knowing into the theory and practice domains (Fontana, 2004). Nursing research and the principles of theory generation intersect naturally with this kind of approach, because nursing research is, however abstract or applied, concerned with the improvement of nursing practice, one way or another (Freshwater and Bishop, 2003). It is also imperative that nurses who carry out research ensure that the research is of the highest possible methodological quality, so that it can be used as evidence for practice, or else it would not be ethical to carry it out, particularly if vulnerable people are being asked to participate (Hedgecoe, 2008; Carrick, 2000). Thus the author set out to ensure that the critical reflexive review of the literature was carried out to the highest possible quality, by combining the critical principles of research critique and evidence based practice with research searching skills. Therefore, the author structured the literature review as a means of both identifying relevant research and discussion or commentary on the research question, and critiquing the quality of that research as evidence for practice in its own right, as a means of taking a more rigorous and focused means of contextualising the research study and contributing to the ultimate process of theory generation. The focus of the literature review is literature available, and literature as evidence for practice, because this focus on evidence is part of the current trend towards quality of care (Elliot, 2000). All those involved in the provision of healthcare at a professional level are required to be able to identify and apply research for their sphere of practice (Rycroft-Malone et al, 2004), particularly if this evidence can improve practice. But for this, the nurse must be able to evalute the evidence in relation to methodological quality (Freshwater and Bishop, 2003; Hek, 2000; Elliott, 2001). Thus, to begin with, the author considered the kinds of research evidence available, fully aware that the scientific rationalist paradimg is considered to provide the highest quality of research for practice (Upshur, 2001; Sackett et al, 1996 ), but also fully espoused to the value of qualtative research in the evidence paradigm (Rycroft-Malone et al, 2004, Upshur, 2001; Stevens and Ledbetter 2000 ). A nurse evaluating research to feed into their own study needs to understand research methodology and practice, and to understand the principles of research critique and evaluation. A range of critiquing frameworks exist which provide useful insight into the quality and usefulness of research, as a foundation for developing the inteded reflexive critical review of the literature, such as the ones suggested by Cormack (2000), CASP (2004), Daggett et al (2005), Duffy (2005). These provide clear guidelines for the critiquing of both qualitative and quantitative research articles, as well as case studys and systematic reviews. The author proposes to develop a critiquing framework using a combination of these approaches, which feeds into the process of reflection so that the author will reflect on every step of the literature review whilst carrying it out, and modify their approach according to what that reflection brings to the surface. The aim, as stated earlier, is to use reflexivity to evaluate the evidence base for practice (Stevens and Ledbetter, 2000; Sackett et al, 1996). Evidence based practice is both a goal and a process, and therefore it could be argued that identifying the state of the evidence base is a fundamental starting point for the research project overall, not just an element of the required research process. This may be all the more important in this study because of the challenges of ensuring qualitative research is viewed as a valid contribution to theory and to practice (Cohen and Crabtree, 2008; Kearney, 2001). Thus the process of literature review is aimed at providing something which, on its own, will contribute to the evidence base for practice (Pepler et al, 2006), as well as providing the necessary critical, clinical and thoeretical context for the authors own study. Following on from the development of the critiquing model, with its in-built reflexivity, the author wil carry out an initial search of the literature using a set of key words and search terms that wil be developed using a brainstorming technique. Given the authors pre-existing knowledge of the topic, informed by the literature which was used to develop the research proposal, this brainstorming exercise is also an exercise in reflexivity. The author will then develop a short list of search terms to be used in isolation and in combination to search the available literature. The search will be carried out in all the relevant and available electronic gateways and search engines, including BNI; CINAHL; EMBASE; MEDLINE; Cochrane Collaboration; Science Direct; and Google Scholar. The author will also search online to look for guidelines and recommendations using the same search terms. As the search continues, the author will revise the search terms in response to the kinds of papers that are returned, keeping a record of these revisions, until they feel they have accessed all the relevant articles. Those deemed relevant to the study will be retrieved, and the most pertinent will be critiqued according to the model the author will have developed. The literature review will be presented in themes, but containing comparative analysis, and the author will ensure that, in order to fit in with the overall study, that there is a balance of qualitative and quantitative studies included.